Chi-Square Calculation by Hand
Introduction & Importance
Chi-Square (χ²) is a statistical test used to compare observed and expected frequencies. It’s crucial for hypothesis testing and model validation…
How to Use This Calculator
- Enter the observed value, expected value, and degrees of freedom.
- Click ‘Calculate’.
- View the results and chart below.
Formula & Methodology
The Chi-Square formula is:
χ² = ∑ [(Observed – Expected)² / Expected]
Real-World Examples
Data & Statistics
| Observed | Expected | χ² |
|---|
Expert Tips
- Always ensure expected values are not zero.
- Use the p-value to interpret results.
Interactive FAQ
What is the p-value?
The p-value is the probability of observing a test statistic as extreme as the one calculated from the sample data, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.